Tense - deformational state and the processes of friction of contacting layers of the pair material - instrument (steel 45, quick cutting alloy B14M4K25), which characterize the degree of deterioration and the stability of the instrument are viewed here. The concentration of dislocations and phenomenon of solidification of these layers, the degree and the depth of which are established by the measurements of microsolidities have been investigated by the microstructural and X-ray methods.